A class action has been filed against Pacific Life Insurance Company by persons in the United States who, through their ownership of a Pacific Life annuity or insurance product, held units of any Pacific Life sub-account invested in mutual funds which included foreign securities. The actions claim that the defendants violated federal securities laws by utilizing market timing strategies to increase company profits to the detriment of annuity holders. The investors seek disgorgement of all profits wrongfully made through the scheme.
The Pacific Life Individual Flexible Premium Deferred Variable Annuity is but one of a number of annuity products offered to investors by the company, and happens to be the product in which named plaintiff Terry Spurgeon invested. Under these contracts, individual investors agree to make at least one minimum premium payment to Pacific Life for a series of annuity payments at a later date. The Pacific Life annuities which are the subject of this litigation each consist of a "separate account" which keeps investors’ assets separate from Pacific Life's assets, and each annuity’s separate account is further divided into multiple sub-accounts. Each sub-account corresponds to a single mutual fund, and Pacific Life invests the assets of each sub-account in that sub-account’s corresponding mutual fund. These mutual funds are maintained exclusively for variable annuity or variable life insurance products, although they often bear names reseller to those of retail mutual funds.
Many of the mutual funds in which the annuity sub-accounts are invested include securities which are traded in markets outside the United States. In valuing the assets of a mutual fund, the fund manager uses the last trade price in the home market of each of the securities in its portfolio. The home markets for such foreign securities include London, Paris, Frankfurt, Moscow, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, and Sidney. These markets are located in time zones that are five to 15 hours ahead of Eastern time.
Company policy dictates that units in Pacific Life's sub-accounts can be traded, either by purchase or redemption, only once a day at 4 p.m. Eastern time. The action alleges that sub-account managers failed to make daily adjustments based upon the direction and degree of correlations between movements in US and foreign markets, changes in the value of American Depository Receipts, and fluctuations in foreign currency futures markets when valuing the unit values of sub-accounts. By using prices that have been stale for five to 15 hours, account managers allegedly use a market timing strategy which is highly profitable to Pacific Life, and detrimental to holders of these Pacific Life annuities.