Travel agents have file a nationwide class action against online airline ticketer Orbitz, LLC and the airlines that created it, alleging that the airlines are using Orbitz to eliminate traditional travel agents and monopolize the airline ticket distribution market in violation of federal antitrust laws. The action seeks compensatory and triple punitive damages, and a court order that will force the airlines to either dissolve Orbitz altogether or divest themselves of all ownership interest in the business.
Six travel agencies sued Orbitz and three of its principal owners--United Airlines, Inc., American Airlines, Inc. and Delta Air Lines, Inc.--alleging violations of the federal Clayton and Sherman Acts. The action also seeks an order that will require the airlines to reinstate the practice of paying commissions to travel agents.
The action was filed to give traditional travel agents a superior alternative to joining the only other similar case, Hall v. United Airlines Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina (docket number 7:00cv123). In the Hall case, the plaintiffs will have to prove that the airlines conspired to eliminate commissions to traditional travel agents. Hall was filed before United, Delta, Continental Airlines, Inc., and Northwest Airlines, Inc. created Orbitz in November 1999. American joined as an investor in 2000. The action against Orbitz does not require a conspiracy--only that the airlines entered into a "combination," or "concerted action" like Orbitz, and that the combination discouraged passengers from using travel agents, preventing them from acting as effective competitors in the distribution of airline tickets to passengers.
In March 2002, the airlines behind Orbitz all announced that they would cease paying commissions to traditional travel agents for tickets sold on their flights. That meant that traditional travel agents could now sell tickets only to customers willing to pay a service fee, or at a loss. Few customers are willing to pay such a fee, with the result that the market is now over-saturated with travel agents who established their businesses under the old commission format. Because of the surplus of agents, allegedly created by the airlines' decision cut agents out of the supply chain, there is now a significant barrier to entry for new companies considering entering the ticket distribution market--who wants to enter an unprofitable market?
The action is currently stayed, pending the outcome of the Hall action. The Orbitz court ruled that the actions are sufficiently related that the outcome of Hall will have an effect on the manner in which the Orbitz action proceeds.