Several class actions have been filed against auto manufacturer General Motors Corporation on behalf of GM vehicle owners who allege that the company has used an inherently defective extended life engine coolant known as Dexcool since 1996, in violation of state and federal consumer protection laws and its own contracts with GM owners. The actions variously seek unspecified compensatory and punitive damages.
The action alleges that Dexcool fails to protect engines from corrosion and causes a rusty sludge to form, clogging radiators and heater cores, damaging water pumps and destroying gaskets. For vehicles manufactured in 1996, GM allegedly warranted that the coolant could remain in the vehicles for five years or 100,000 miles, whichever came first. From 1997 on, the warranty was allegedly extended to 150,000 miles.
One of the class actions--the one filed in Missouri--seeks certification of a national class. The named plaintiffs in that action--Michael Gutzler, Herbert Jones, and Karen Barton--contend that GM has refused to repair their vehicles or pay for the repairs. The action seeks unspecified damages for breach of warranty under the federal Magnuson-Moss Act. Because warranty laws differ slightly from state to state, the auto owners have hedged their bets. They also have filed class actions in New York, California, Illinois and Texas seeking certification on behalf of consumers in those states. The owners will fall back on those class actions if national certification is not granted in the Missouri action.
The chemicals in antifreezes are inherently corrosive, so manufacturers must include an anti-corrosive agent in the solution. Historically, manufacturers used inorganic salts like phosphates, borates and silicates to inhibit corrosion. Allegedly, in 1996, GM decided to begin using a new organic acid technology known as "OAT" to prevent corrosion in radiators. Allegedly, it is this technology that is found in Dexcool coolant that is causing the reported problems. Because GM allegedly provides a 36,000 mile warranty, and the corrosion problems often do not manifest themselves until after that warranty has lapsed, many GM owners have allegedly been left with large out-of-pocket expenses related to radiator and coolant system repairs.
In May 2003, Automotive Cooling Journal reported that "cooling systems filled with OAT are extremely vulnerable to problems triggered by low coolant levels and trapped air." GM has allegedly alerted mechanics that vehicles operated for 15,000 to 20,000 miles with low coolant levels may be susceptible to the formation of a rustlike material in the cooling system.
GM has sold more than 34 million vehicles with Dexcool antifreeze in them since 1996.